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This issue of CJEG features a three-part series titled ‘Theseus 24D Optimized Seismic CCS MMV Method,’ which shines a critical light on the monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) in carbon storage. The work identifies the unique characteristics of onshore CCS MMV, discards monitoring elements that are determined to be unnecessary, redefines imaging areas for monitoring, and challenges the problem from a whole multi-decade repeat seismic perspective. The third part examines an experiment in baseline 3D design that was suggested in part two of the paper. It explores the use of wavefield reconstruction to produce arbitrary baseline 2D lines from a baseline 3D, which is essential to the 24D aspect of Theseus method.

This issue of CJEG features a three-part series titled ‘Theseus 24D Optimized Seismic CCS MMV Method,’ which shines a critical light on the monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) in carbon storage. The work identifies the unique characteristics of onshore CCS MMV, discards monitoring elements that are determined to be unnecessary, redefines imaging areas for monitoring, and challenges the problem from a whole multi-decade repeat seismic perspective. The second part delves into scalability of the method introduced in part one, exploring the implications of scenarios when repeat 3D seismic surveys can be minimized or completely omitted. Though the possibility of reasonably eliminating repeat 3D surveys in favor of repeat 2D surveys is material in terms of capital savings and environmental (surface) reclamation, it presents a challenge in baseline 3D design, a challenge that must be resolved for the 24D integrated 2D-3D repeat monitoring method to become a reality.

This issue of CJEG features a three-part series titled ‘Theseus 24D Optimized Seismic CCS MMV Method,’ which shines a critical light on the monitoring, measurement, and verification (MMV) in carbon storage. The work identifies the unique characteristics of onshore CCS MMV, discards monitoring elements that are determined to be unnecessary, redefines imaging areas for monitoring, and challenges the problem from a whole multi-decade repeat seismic perspective. The first part introduces a novel MMV design strategy aimed at enhancing capital efficiency within onshore CCS MMV programs. It focuses on the monitoring areas of repeat surveys, departing significantly from the National Energy Laboratory (NETL) recommendations in favor of something more apt for onshore carbon storage, and introduces the idea of ‘24D’, an integrated repeat 2D and 3D concept.

A humorous journey through controversies in CCS